Lundh B
Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1984;691:1-147.
472 randomly selected men and women from the city of Lund were examined for disease in the heart, lungs and for hypertension. 163 men and 194 women who had no symptom or sign of disease were accepted for the further study. The prevalence of various exclusion criterias, such as symptoms and signs of heart disease, lung disease and other diseases which may possibly affect the ECG are reported as well as the distribution of blood pressures in the sample. A computer-averaged standard 12-lead ECG (leads aVL, I, -aVR, II, aVF, III, V1-V6) was recorded. All measurements of ECG-deflections have been made visually using a magnifying glass (6 times). ST-segments were classified according to the Punsar code by independent visual observers as well as by the computer. The mean frontal QRS-axis shifted to the left with advancing age, but the shift was statistically significant only in men. In both men and women there was a leftward shift of the mean frontal QRS-axis with increased weight, increased chest circumference and increased obesity index. The normal range of axis was found to be 0 degrees to 90 degrees in men and +15 degrees to 90 degrees in women. The problems concerning the definition of the electrical heart position is discussed. The concept of a Q-axis is introduced as an alternative way to indicate electrical heart position. There is a statistical significant relationship between the Q-axis and the QRS-axis in the frontal plane, although this relationship is not always apparent in the individual ECG. The presence or absence of a Q-wave in an individual lead was used to denote a lead as being a left ventricular lead or not. Using the Q-wave as a marker of heart position in the individual lead is more practical than to use the QRS-axis or the transitional zone. Duration and amplitude of the Q-wave have been measured. The upper limit of normal duration exceeded 0.03 s in leads aVL and aVF in men but not in women. The R-wave amplitudes proved to vary with age and heart position in men. In women variation of the R-wave amplitude was found with heart position but not with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
从隆德市随机选取了472名男性和女性，对他们进行心脏、肺部疾病及高血压检查。163名男性和194名女性没有疾病症状或体征，被纳入进一步研究。报告了各种排除标准的患病率，如心脏病、肺病及其他可能影响心电图的疾病的症状和体征，以及样本中的血压分布情况。记录了计算机平均的标准12导联心电图（导联aVL、I、-aVR、II、aVF、III、V1 - V6）。所有心电图偏转的测量均使用放大镜（6倍）目视进行。ST段由独立的目视观察者以及计算机根据Punsar编码进行分类。平均额面QRS轴随年龄增长向左偏移，但这种偏移仅在男性中具有统计学意义。在男性和女性中，随着体重增加、胸围增加和肥胖指数增加，平均额面QRS轴均向左偏移。发现男性轴的正常范围为0度至90度，女性为+15度至90度。讨论了关于心脏电位置定义的问题。引入Q轴概念作为指示心脏电位置的另一种方法。在额面，Q轴与QRS轴之间存在统计学显著关系，尽管这种关系在个体心电图中并不总是明显。使用单个导联中是否存在Q波来表示该导联是否为左心室导联。在个体导联中使用Q波作为心脏位置的标记比使用QRS轴或过渡区更实用。测量了Q波的持续时间和幅度。男性aVL和aVF导联中正常持续时间的上限超过0.03秒，女性则未超过。R波振幅在男性中被证明随年龄和心脏位置而变化。在女性中，发现R波振幅随心脏位置而变化，但不随年龄变化。（摘要截选至400字）
