Dillon E, Parkin G J
Clin Radiol. 1978 Jan;29(1):53-9. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(78)80164-0.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumour of mesenchyme-like tissue in which differentiation of rhabdomyoblasts has occurred. It is found mainly in infants and children. The prognosis, until recent years very grave, has been improved by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy occasionally with surgery. Survival depends on the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic radiology has an important role to play in the demonstration of this, illustrations of which are given from a series of seven cases. The primary tumour has no pathognomonic appearances and is demonstrated essentially as a soft tissue mass lesion which displaces adjacent soft tissue structures such as arteries, veins, bladder and colon, or erodes adjacent bones whether in the extremities or the skull. The main role of diagnostic radiology is the detection of metastases. Chest radiography and skeletal survey are mandatory. Lymphangiography may reveal filling defects in regional lymph nodes but these are indistinguishable from any other metastases. Arteriography as well as revealing displacement of larger vessels, may show typical tumour neovascularity in the lesion. Serial skeletal radiographs are of help in assessing response of metastases to therapy.
横纹肌肉瘤是一种间叶样组织的罕见肿瘤，其中已发生成横纹肌细胞分化。它主要见于婴幼儿。直到近年来，其预后一直非常严峻，但通过化疗和放疗联合偶尔的手术治疗，预后已有所改善。生存率取决于诊断时疾病的范围。诊断性放射学在显示这一点方面起着重要作用，本文给出了7例系列病例的图示。原发性肿瘤没有特征性表现，基本上表现为软组织肿块病变，可推移相邻的软组织结构，如动脉、静脉、膀胱和结肠，或侵蚀相邻的骨骼，无论是在四肢还是颅骨。诊断性放射学的主要作用是检测转移灶。胸部X线摄影和骨骼检查是必需的。淋巴管造影可能显示区域淋巴结充盈缺损，但这些与任何其他转移灶无法区分。动脉造影除了显示较大血管的移位外，还可能显示病变内典型的肿瘤新生血管。系列骨骼X线片有助于评估转移灶对治疗的反应。
