Khudoley V V, Picard J J
Int J Cancer. 1980 May 15;25(5):679-83. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910250519.
N-nitroso-dimethylanine dissolved in aquarium water at a concentration of 400 ppm (1/4 of the LD50/30d) induced malignant tumors in 39 (54.2%) out of 72 young adult animals of the amphibian species Xenopus borealis. The first tumor was detected at 11 weeks, and the average latency was 35.1 weeks. Tumors were located in the liver (32 cholangiocarcinomas and 13 hepatocellular cancers) and the kidney (9 adenocarcinomas and 2 anaplastic cancers). Thirteen animals bore two or more types of tumors. These results demonstrate that a high percentage of tumors can be induced in amphibians by chemical carcinogens if appropriate methods are used.
将浓度为400 ppm（LD50/30d的1/4）的N-亚硝基二甲基苯胺溶解在水族箱水中，可在72只成年北方爪蟾幼体中诱发39只（54.2%）出现恶性肿瘤。在第11周时检测到首例肿瘤，平均潜伏期为35.1周。肿瘤位于肝脏（32例胆管癌和13例肝细胞癌）和肾脏（9例腺癌和2例间变性癌）。13只动物患有两种或更多类型的肿瘤。这些结果表明，如果使用适当的方法，化学致癌物可在两栖动物中诱发高比例的肿瘤。
