Paull J D
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1976 Nov;4(4):308-11. doi: 10.1177/0310057X7600400409.
A teaching aid is exactly what it says it is--an aid to teaching. No matter how exciting the aid may be, its production is not an end in itself, merely a means to an end. Teaching aids are most effective and can be best justified when a need for them has been demonstrated and when they can be shown to clarify the teaching of points and problems which students have formerly found difficult to understand. The best teaching aids are the result of a combination of imagination and enthusiasm. Aids should always be evaluated to determine whether the costs of production are justified by an improvement in learning.
教具正如其名称所示——教学的辅助工具。无论教具多么令人兴奋,其制作本身并非目的,而仅仅是达到目的的手段。当对教具的需求得到证明,并且能够表明它们有助于阐明学生以前难以理解的知识点和问题时,教具最为有效且最具合理性。最好的教具是想象力和热情相结合的产物。应始终对教具进行评估,以确定制作成本是否因学习效果的提升而合理。