Hitchner S B, Calnek B W
Am J Vet Res. 1980 Aug;41(8):1280-2.
Four tests of an inactivated emulsified vaccine against a herpesvirus infection (Pacheco's disease) in bodgerigars demonstrated that an effective vaccine could be produced with concentrated virus. Virus was propagated in chicken kidney cells, and cells and fluid were harvested 3 to 5 days after inoculation and sonicated. The virus was concentrated 100 x by centrifugation to produce a multiple emulsion vaccine that was protective against IM challenge exposure with live virus. The serologic response after vaccination was negligible, and many survivors to virus challenge exposure did not show a positive titer.