Norton T M, Gaskin J, Kollias G V, Homer B, Clark C H, Wilson R
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0126.
Am J Vet Res. 1991 Dec;52(12):2007-9.
We evaluated the efficacy of acyclovir against experimentally induced herpesvirus infection (Pacheco's parrot disease) in Quaker parakeets. Thirty-two of 40 birds were challenge-exposed with 0.1 ml of a suspension of herpesvirus (10(4) median cell culture infective doses [CCID50]) given IM. Treatment with acyclovir was started 24 hours later and was continued for 7 days. The birds were allotted to 5 groups of 8 birds each. There was a considerable difference in mortality between groups 1-5. Of 8 bird in each group, 6 died in group 1 (control), 1 died in group 2 (gavage), 3 died in group 3 (low dose, IM), 4 died in group 4 (high dose, IM), and none died in group 5 (contact controls). There was a significant (P = 0.023) difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2, thus the oral form of acyclovir administered by gavage was the most efficacious therapeutic regimen. Clinical signs and death occurred after discontinuation of acyclovir in groups 2 and 3, whereas the mean time of death for the control group was 6 days after challenge exposure. Herpesvirus was recovered by inoculation of chick embryo cell culture with pooled tissue suspensions from all birds that died. Histologic evidence of herpesvirus infection was found in most birds that died, with the control group having the most severe lesions. Surviving Quaker parakeets were transferred to cages with seronegative Quaker parakeets with no known exposure to herpesvirus. There have been no deaths attributable to herpesvirus infection in a period exceeding 2 years.
我们评估了阿昔洛韦对实验性诱导的贵格会小鹦鹉疱疹病毒感染（帕切科氏鹦鹉病）的疗效。40只鸟中的32只用0.1毫升疱疹病毒悬液（10⁴半数细胞培养感染剂量[CCID₅₀]）进行肌肉注射激发暴露。24小时后开始用阿昔洛韦治疗，并持续7天。将这些鸟分成5组，每组8只。第1 - 5组之间的死亡率有显著差异。每组8只鸟中，第1组（对照组）有6只死亡，第2组（灌胃组）有1只死亡，第3组（低剂量，肌肉注射）有3只死亡，第4组（高剂量，肌肉注射）有4只死亡，第5组（接触对照组）无死亡。第1组和第2组之间的死亡率有显著差异（P = 0.023），因此通过灌胃给予的口服阿昔洛韦是最有效的治疗方案。第2组和第3组在停用阿昔洛韦后出现临床症状和死亡，而对照组在激发暴露后平均死亡时间为6天。通过用所有死亡鸟类的混合组织悬液接种鸡胚细胞培养物来回收疱疹病毒。在大多数死亡的鸟类中发现了疱疹病毒感染的组织学证据，对照组的病变最为严重。存活的贵格会小鹦鹉被转移到与血清阴性且无已知疱疹病毒暴露史的贵格会小鹦鹉同笼饲养。在超过2年的时间里，没有因疱疹病毒感染导致的死亡。
