Michalides R, van Nie R, Nusse R, Hynes N E, Groner B
Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):165-73. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90281-6.
The mammary tumor induction genes Mtv-1 in mouse strain DBAf and Mtv-2 in strain GR control the complete expression of the endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). We have used a combination of genetic, biochemical and molecular biological methods to identify and correlate specific copies of the endogenous MMTV proviral genes with the biological properties of the tumor induction genes Mtv-1 and Mtv-2. These Mtv induction genes contain specific MMTV proviral information, as was concluded from restriction enzyme analysis and molecular hybridization of DNAs of congenic mouse strains and of progenitors of backcross populations. The congenic strains differed from the parental strains GR and 020 only in the Mtv-2 gene, one lacking the Mtv-2 gene (GR/Mtv-2-) and one having obtained this gene (020/Mtv-2+). The gain or loss coincided with two Eco RI cellular DNA fragments containing MMTV DNA information. Since Eco RI cuts the exogenous proviral variant of MMTV DNA once, we assume that these two cellular DNA fragments contain one MMTV provirus. The same cellular DNA fragments containing MMTV DNA information segregated together with MMTV expression in the offspring population of the backcross. In a similar backcross analysis of the induction gene Mtv-1 it was also demonstrated that the Mtv-1 gene comprises one MMTV provirus. These data indicate that Mtv induction genes contain specific but different MMTV proviral genes and that nly a limited number of the MMTV proviruses present in the cellular DNA is associated with the control of proviral expression.
小鼠品系DBAf中的乳腺肿瘤诱导基因Mtv-1和品系GR中的Mtv-2控制内源性小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒（MMTV）的完全表达。我们综合运用遗传学、生物化学和分子生物学方法，对内源性MMTV前病毒基因的特定拷贝进行鉴定，并将其与肿瘤诱导基因Mtv-1和Mtv-2的生物学特性相关联。从同基因小鼠品系和回交群体亲本的DNA限制性酶切分析及分子杂交结果可以得出，这些Mtv诱导基因包含特定的MMTV前病毒信息。同基因品系与亲本品系GR和020的区别仅在于Mtv-2基因，一个缺乏Mtv-2基因（GR/Mtv-2-），另一个获得了该基因（020/Mtv-2+）。这种基因的增减与两个含有MMTV DNA信息的Eco RI细胞DNA片段相对应。由于Eco RI对MMTV DNA的外源前病毒变体只切割一次，我们推测这两个细胞DNA片段包含一个MMTV前病毒。在回交后代群体中，含有MMTV DNA信息的相同细胞DNA片段与MMTV表达一起分离。在对诱导基因Mtv-1的类似回交分析中也证明，Mtv-1基因包含一个MMTV前病毒。这些数据表明，Mtv诱导基因包含特定但不同的MMTV前病毒基因，并且细胞DNA中存在的MMTV前病毒中只有有限数量与前病毒表达的控制相关。
