Orsmond G S, Ruttenberg H D, Bessinger F B, Moller J H
Am J Cardiol. 1978 Mar;41(3):597-601. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90021-8.
Six infants with anomalous connection of the pulmonary veins to the coronary sinus were studied with single crystal echocardiography. The posterior left atrial wall echo was identified by its continuity with the left ventricular posterior wall echo during a sweep from the left atrium to the left ventricle. In five of the six infants an echo-free space measuring 7 to 9 mm was identified behind the posterior left atrial wall; this space was thought to represent the common pulmonary vein. In four of these five, and also in the remaining infant, a highly mobile linear echo with a double wave form per cardiac cycle was recorded behind the posterior aortic wall and anterior mitral leaflet echoes. Echocardiographic contrast studies after the injection of saline solution into the coronary sinus disclosed that this additional echo was produced by the anterior wall of the coronary sinus. The anatomic connection of the pulmonary veins were established in each patient with pulmonary cineangiography. In four of the six patients all four pulmonary veins were connected to the coronary sinus by way of a common pulmonary vein; in the remaining two patients three of four pulmonary veins were connected to the coronary sinus, while the left upper lobe pulmonary vein was connected to the left innominate vein. The coronary sinus was greatly enlarged in each patient.
采用单晶超声心动图对6例肺静脉异常连接至冠状窦的婴儿进行了研究。在从左心房扫查至左心室的过程中，通过左心房后壁回声与左心室后壁回声的连续性来识别左心房后壁回声。6例婴儿中有5例在左心房后壁后方发现一个无回声区，大小为7至9毫米；这个区域被认为代表共同肺静脉。在这5例中的4例以及其余1例婴儿中，在主动脉后壁和二尖瓣前叶回声后方记录到一个高度可移动的线性回声，每个心动周期有双波形。向冠状窦内注射生理盐水后的超声心动图造影研究显示，这个额外的回声是由冠状窦前壁产生的。通过肺血管造影确定了每位患者肺静脉的解剖连接。6例患者中有4例所有4条肺静脉通过共同肺静脉连接至冠状窦；其余2例患者中，4条肺静脉中有3条连接至冠状窦，而左上叶肺静脉连接至左无名静脉。每位患者的冠状窦均明显扩大。
