Role of inhibitory mechanisms in trigeminal neuralgia.

Segmental inhibition was elicited in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of cats by delivering a conditioning stimulus to the maxillary nerve 100 msec before the test stimulus. Carbamazepine, baclofen, and phenytoin markedly facilitated this segmental inhibition, as well as depressing the response to an unconditioned maxillary nerve stimulus. Phenobarbital, on the other hand, usually depressed the segmental inhibition. These results suggest that drugs that relieve trigeminal neuralgia both facilitate inhibitory mechanisms and depress excitatory mechanisms in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The facilitation of inhibitory mechanisms appears to be at least as important as the depression of excitatory mechanisms and suggests that a failure of inhibitory mechanisms may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia.