Modulatory role of cyclic AMP in the release of platelet-activating factor from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Zymosan coated with complement (Zc) was observed to induce a transient elevation of the intracellular cyclic AMP in human polymorphonuclear cells: a two- to three-fold increase was observed within 1 min after stimulation and approached prestimulation levels by 2 min incubation. These changes in cyclic AMP were not associated with significant changes in cyclic GMP levels. Zymosan caused the release of PAF and beta-glucuronidase and particle uptake, which was initiated about 5 min after stimulation. These results suggest that the transient increase in cyclic AMP content might regulate an early event during mediator release. In an attempt to study further the significance of this rise in cyclic AMP, cells were preincubated with various phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Preincubation of the cells with methylisobutylxanthine (MIX, 10(-6) M to 5 X 10(-5) M), theophylline (3 X 10(-5) to 3 X 10(-3) M) or dipyridamole (10(-6) M to 10(-4) M) enhanced the increase in cyclic AMP levels, but resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of Zc-induced mediator release. Particle uptake and beta-glucuronidase release were less sensitive than PAF release to phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which argues in favour of the independence of both phenomena. Synergistic experiments with MIX and cyclic AMP indicate that the effect of this drug is through its action on cyclic AMP levels. These results suggest that while Zc-induced cyclic AMP elevation might occur in an intracellular place critical to its effect; phosphodiesterase inhibitors may elevate cyclic AMP levels throughout the cell and therefore inhibit the biological response.