Glezen W P, Couch R B
N Engl J Med. 1978 Mar 16;298(11):587-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197803162981103.
Prospective virologic surveillance has defined two influenza epidemics representing the fifth and sixth outbreaks attributed to H3N2 viruses since the prototype, A/Hong Kong/68 ((H3N2), emerged in 1968. The 1975 epidemic was caused by influenza A/Port Chalmers and yielded an estimated attack rate of 9 per cent; the second, attributed to influenza A/Victoria, produced an explosive outbreak, with an estimated attack rate of 18 per cent in 1976. The highest morbidity occurred in preschool children, with an estimated attack rate of over 30 per cent. During the early stages of both epidemics there was a predominance of cases among school-aged children, and school absenteeism peaked earlier than other nonvirologic indexes. These observations support the concept of rapid dissemination of influenza among schoolchildren and suggest that control of epidemic influenza might be facilitated by prophylaxis for that age group and other accessible, healthy populations.
前瞻性病毒学监测确定了两次流感流行，这是自1968年甲型流感病毒/香港/68（H3N2）原型毒株出现以来，归因于H3N2病毒的第五次和第六次疫情爆发。1975年的疫情由甲型流感病毒/查尔姆斯港毒株引起，估计发病率为9%；第二次疫情归因于甲型流感病毒/维多利亚毒株，引发了一次爆发性疫情，1976年估计发病率为18%。发病率最高的是学龄前儿童，估计发病率超过30%。在两次疫情的早期阶段，学龄儿童中的病例占多数，学校缺勤率高峰早于其他非病毒学指标。这些观察结果支持流感在学龄儿童中快速传播的概念，并表明对该年龄组和其他可接触到的健康人群进行预防，可能有助于控制流行性感冒。
