Shimada H
Acta Pathol Jpn. 1982 May;32(3):415-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1982.tb01398.x.
Ultrastructural study of neuroblastoma group tumors including 7 neuroblastomas, 4 ganglioneuroblastomas, and 2 ganglioneuromas was performed by using both TEM and SEM. Tumor cells showed a wide variation comparable to the developmental stages of nerve cells and were classified into four types according to the neuritic process projections; namely apolar, monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar. Neuroblastoma was composed of small cells of apolar, monopolar, and bipolar types with few multipolar cells. Tumor cells ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma were multipolar type. SEM observation demonstrated characteristic varicosities in the elongated neuritis processes, and by TEM examination the dilated portions of these varicosities revealed disruption or disappearance of parallel runnings of the microtubules and microfilaments. TEM examination demonstrated presence of Schwann cells in ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, and satellite cells and perineurial cells in ganglioneuroma. The hitherto undescribed cells with caveolar structure which are thought to be a precursor of these stromal elements were disclosed in ganglioneuroblastoma. In order to evaluate the maturation and prognosis of tumors of this group, stromal differentiation seems to be equally important as ganglionic differentiation because both stromal elements and tumor cells have a common origin of neural crest.
利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对包括7例神经母细胞瘤、4例神经节神经母细胞瘤和2例神经节瘤在内的神经母细胞瘤组肿瘤进行了超微结构研究。肿瘤细胞表现出与神经细胞发育阶段相当的广泛变异，并根据神经突过程投影分为四种类型；即无极型、单极型、双极型和多极型。神经母细胞瘤由无极型、单极型和双极型的小细胞组成，多极细胞较少。神经节神经母细胞瘤和神经节瘤的肿瘤细胞为多极型。扫描电子显微镜观察显示细长神经突过程中有特征性的膨体，透射电子显微镜检查显示这些膨体的扩张部分微管和微丝的平行排列中断或消失。透射电子显微镜检查显示神经节神经母细胞瘤和神经节瘤中有施万细胞，神经节瘤中有卫星细胞和神经束膜细胞。在神经节神经母细胞瘤中发现了迄今未描述的具有小窝结构的细胞，这些细胞被认为是这些基质成分的前体。为了评估该组肿瘤的成熟度和预后，基质分化似乎与神经节分化同样重要，因为基质成分和肿瘤细胞都有共同的神经嵴起源。
