Jaskoll T F, Maderson P F
Anat Rec. 1978 Feb;190(2):177-99. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091900203.
The development of the middle ear and tympanum of Gallus gallus has been studied in embryos Hamilton-Hamburger stages 20-46. Particular attention was paid to the pattern of expansion of the pharyngeal pouch forming the tympanic cavity, and the histogenesis of the tissues of the region of the vestibular window. It is concluded that pouch expansion is brought about by simple epithelial growth into regions devoid of mesenchyme. The mesenchyme does not show significant cell death, but differentiates as connective tissue, macrophages, and sinus vascular spaces. The epithelium of the mature cavity is of endodermal origin, and there is no indication of celomic contributions. We provide a detailed morphological analysis of the development of the footplate from cells of both the second visceral arch and the otic capsule. These detailed observations on the patterns of chondrification of columella and capsular tissues permit the presentation of a model for cellular interactions leading to the differentiation of the annular ligament.
对原鸡胚胎汉密尔顿-汉堡分期20-46阶段的中耳和鼓膜发育进行了研究。特别关注了形成鼓室的咽囊的扩张模式，以及前庭窗区域组织的组织发生。得出的结论是，囊的扩张是通过简单的上皮生长进入缺乏间充质的区域实现的。间充质未显示出明显的细胞死亡，而是分化为结缔组织、巨噬细胞和窦状血管间隙。成熟腔的上皮起源于内胚层，没有迹象表明有体腔的贡献。我们对来自第二内脏弓和耳囊细胞的镫骨发育进行了详细的形态学分析。对小柱和囊组织软骨化模式的这些详细观察，使得能够提出一个细胞相互作用模型，该模型导致环状韧带的分化。
