Okabayashi K, Nakano E
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 Aug;225(1):271-8. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90030-9.
The cytochrome system in eggs and embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was investigated. Difference spectra of the mitochondrial fraction demonstrated the presence of a complete cytochrome system in unfertilized eggs. Cytochrome levels and the activities of respiratory enzymes were measured in crude extracts of eggs both before and after fertilization. Unfertilized eggs contained cytochromes aa3, b, and c + c1 in a ratio of 1.0:1.8:0.7. Gastrulae contained almost the same amount of cytochromes aa3 and b as unfertilized eggs. However, the amount of cytochrome c + c1 in gastrulae was 1.5 times greater than that in unfertilized eggs. The activity of cytochrome oxidase remained unchanged during development. No cytochrome oxidase inhibitor was found in unfertilized eggs. Both antimycin A-sensitive and insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities increased during development. The activity of succinate-cytochrome c reductase increased during early development, reached a temporary plateau, and then declined at the pluteus stage. These results are discussed in relation to the increase of respiration during early development.
对海胆（光棘球海胆）卵和胚胎中的细胞色素系统进行了研究。线粒体部分的差光谱表明未受精卵中存在完整的细胞色素系统。在受精前后的卵粗提物中测量了细胞色素水平和呼吸酶的活性。未受精卵中细胞色素aa3、b和c + c1的比例为1.0:1.8:0.7。原肠胚中细胞色素aa3和b的含量与未受精卵几乎相同。然而，原肠胚中细胞色素c + c1的含量比未受精卵中的高1.5倍。细胞色素氧化酶的活性在发育过程中保持不变。在未受精卵中未发现细胞色素氧化酶抑制剂。抗霉素A敏感和不敏感的NADH - 细胞色素c还原酶活性在发育过程中均增加。琥珀酸 - 细胞色素c还原酶的活性在早期发育过程中增加，达到一个暂时的平台期，然后在长腕幼虫阶段下降。结合早期发育过程中呼吸作用的增加对这些结果进行了讨论。
