Abdel-Rahman M S, Waldron D M, Bull R J
J Appl Toxicol. 1983 Aug;3(4):175-9. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550030403.
The problem of trihalomethane formation now exists with the use of chlorine (technically, a mixture of HOCl and OCl-, depending on pH) as a disinfectant in drinking water. Monochloramine (NH2Cl) may be considered as an alternative to HOCl as a disinfectant in public water supplies. This study was conducted to compare the kinetics of NH2(36)Cl with HO36Cl in rats. The peak plasma levels of 36Cl occurred at 8 and 2 h for NH2(36)Cl and and HO36Cl, respectively. The distribution of NH2(36)Cl and HO36Cl was highest in plasma, while the lowest activity was observed in the fat. The half-life for 36Cl absorption was 2.49 and 2.16 h, while the elimination from plasma was 38.8 and 44.1 h after oral NH2(36)Cl and HO36Cl treatment, respectively. Urinary excretion accounted for most of the 36Cl eliminated in both treatments.
如今，在饮用水中使用氯（严格来说，是取决于pH值的次氯酸和次氯酸根离子的混合物）作为消毒剂时会出现三卤甲烷的生成问题。在公共供水系统中，一氯胺（NH₂Cl）可被视为次氯酸的替代消毒剂。本研究旨在比较大鼠体内NH₂³⁶Cl和HO³⁶Cl的动力学。NH₂³⁶Cl和HO³⁶Cl的³⁶Cl血浆峰值水平分别出现在8小时和2小时。NH₂³⁶Cl和HO³⁶Cl在血浆中的分布最高，而在脂肪中的活性最低。口服NH₂³⁶Cl和HO³⁶Cl后，³⁶Cl吸收的半衰期分别为2.49小时和2.16小时，而从血浆中消除的时间分别为38.8小时和44.1小时。两种处理中，经尿液排泄的³⁶Cl占消除总量的大部分。
