Singer P, Jaeger W, Wirth M, Voigt S, Naumann E, Zimontkowski S, Hajdu I, Goedicke W
Atherosclerosis. 1983 Oct;49(1):99-108. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(83)90011-4.
Fifteen healthy volunteers were put on a mackerel and herring diet, consisting of a prescribed daily isocaloric regimen in a cross-over design, for 2 weeks. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA - C20:5, n-3) was predominantly incorporated into cholesterol esters, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, n-3) appeared more in serum triglycerides, indicating that the function of the latter may be different from that of EPA. After mackerel ingestion, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly decreased, returning to basal levels 3 months later. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) remained unchanged at the end of the mackerel diet. Generally, after the herring diet the differences were minor, only LCAT activity being significantly decreased. A markedly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the mackerel period could be observed. After herring diet a slight diminution of blood pressure was not significant. Accordingly, plasma noradrenaline was only significantly decreased at the end of the mackerel period. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in serum had no differences before, during and after the study. From the data presented it can be said that a mackerel diet exerts a beneficial influence on cardiovascular risk.
15名健康志愿者采用交叉设计，按照规定的每日等热量方案，食用鲭鱼和鲱鱼饮食两周。二十碳五烯酸（EPA - C20:5，n - 3）主要掺入胆固醇酯中，而二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6，n - 3）在血清甘油三酯中含量更高，这表明后者的功能可能与EPA不同。摄入鲭鱼后，血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）活性显著降低，3个月后恢复到基础水平。在鲭鱼饮食结束时，低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇和肝素后脂解活性（PHLA）保持不变。一般来说，食用鲱鱼饮食后差异较小，只有LCAT活性显著降低。在鲭鱼饮食期结束时，可以观察到收缩压和舒张压明显降低。食用鲱鱼饮食后血压略有下降，但不显著。因此，只有在鲭鱼饮食期结束时血浆去甲肾上腺素才显著降低。研究期间血清多巴胺-β-羟化酶（DBH）活性无差异。从所呈现的数据可以看出，鲭鱼饮食对心血管风险有有益影响。
