Ontogeny of gonadotropin receptors in the fetal and neonatal rat testis.

To evaluate the extent to which LH receptors may participate in the regulation of testosterone production by the fetal and neonatal rat testis, the gonadal content of LH receptors was determined and correlated with the gonadal content of testosterone and other steroids at daily intervals throughout the period of sexual differentiation and early neonatal life. Also, to determine if FSH has a potential role during fetal life, FSH receptors were measured from 14.5 until 21.5 days of gestation, just before birth. LH receptors were first detected in the fetal rat testis at 15.5 days of gestation, at a concentration of 0.072 +/- 0.016 fmol/gonad. This is the time at which previous studies have shown a biological response to LH stimulation with increases in cAMP and testosterone production. LH receptor content remained constant from 15.5-17.5 days of gestation and then increased sharply at 18.5 days of gestation to 0.706 +/- 0.046 fmol/gonad, coincident with a surge in the testosterone content of the fetal testis. LH receptor content continued to rise until birth, reaching a maximum level of 2.00 +/- 0.24 fmol/gonad at 21.5 days of gestation, and did not significantly differ from this value through 5 days after birth, whereas intratesticular testosterone content decreased after birth. FSH receptors could be measured from 17.5 days of gestation, but remained very low through 19.5 days of fetal life. At 20.5 days, FSH receptor levels began to rise sharply and continued to increase through 21.5 days of gestation, just before birth. These data show that LH receptors are measurable at the time when the fetal testis becomes responsive to LH stimulation. It is possible that the increase in LH receptors may act as a mechanism for amplification of the stimulatory effect of low circulating LH levels on the fetal testis being concomitant with the intratesticular testosterone increase at the same stage. The decrease in testosterone production after birth cannot be attributed to a decrease in LH receptors in the neonatal gonad. Since 5 alpha-reduced androgens increase after birth, other possibilities, such as alternative steroid pathways, are a more likely explanation for the decrease in testosterone content. The presence of FSH receptors in the fetal testis imply that this hormone may have a function in the developing gonad, particularly in the last 2 days of fetal life.