Borregaard N
Scand J Haematol. 1984 Mar;32(3):225-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1984.tb01685.x.
The bactericidal activity of the human neutrophil is dependent on a coordinated series of events by which the bacteria become confined to a vacuole. Fusion of the azurophil and specific granules with the phagocytic vacuole results in secretion of BPI, the primary oxygen independent bactericidal protein, and of myeloperoxidase into the phagolysosome. Simultaneously, an electron transport chain, the NADPH oxidase, is activated in the membrane of the phagolysosome, resulting in generation of H2O2, which together with myeloperoxidase and Cl- forms a highly bactericidal agent. Digestion of the killed bacteria is subsequently effectuated by proteases and lipases of the neutrophil granules. The neutrophil thus has several highly efficient bactericidal systems that overlap to a certain degree, thereby giving the neutrophil an overcapacity to kill. This is appreciated in the defence against microorganisms, but is increasingly being recognized as a cause of perturbation of serum protease anti-protease homeostasis that may cause major tissue destruction. The recent achievements in the understanding of neutrophil function will hopefully permit better control to be exerted over this potent cell.
人类中性粒细胞的杀菌活性依赖于一系列协调的事件，通过这些事件细菌被限制在一个液泡中。嗜天青颗粒和特异性颗粒与吞噬液泡融合，导致主要的非氧依赖性杀菌蛋白BPI和髓过氧化物酶分泌到吞噬溶酶体中。同时，一个电子传递链，即NADPH氧化酶，在吞噬溶酶体膜中被激活，导致H2O2的产生，H2O2与髓过氧化物酶和Cl-一起形成一种高效的杀菌剂。随后，中性粒细胞颗粒中的蛋白酶和脂肪酶对被杀死的细菌进行消化。因此，中性粒细胞有几个高效的杀菌系统，它们在一定程度上相互重叠，从而使中性粒细胞具有超强的杀伤能力。这在抵御微生物方面是有益的，但越来越被认为是血清蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶稳态紊乱的一个原因，可能导致严重的组织破坏。最近在理解中性粒细胞功能方面取得的成就有望使人们能够更好地控制这种强大的细胞。
