Aronoff S C, Reed M D, O'Brien C A, Blumer J L
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Feb;13(2):143-51. doi: 10.1093/jac/13.2.143.
Ceftriaxone is a new cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and unique serum and CSF pharmacokinetics. The drug was compared in a randomized fashion with ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of 19 children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Ceftriaxone was also administered non-randomly to six other patients including three children with Gram-negative meningitis. Among the children with H. influenzae meningitis, no deaths were noted and the outcomes of the study and the control groups were similar. Ninety per cent of the isolates of H. influenzae were inhibited by 0.0625, 1 and 1 mg/l of ceftriaxone, ampicillin and chloramphenicol respectively. One child with pneumococcal meningitis and two children with meningococcal meningitis recovered rapidly and without incident during ceftriaxone therapy. Three children with Gram-negative meningitis caused by multiply-drug resistant organisms were bacteriologically cured within five days of the onset of therapy. Persistent pleocytosis and neurological disabilities were noted in two at the conclusion of therapy. Ceftriaxone, as a single agent, was comparable in efficacy with traditional antimicrobial therapy usually employed in childhood meningitis.
头孢曲松是一种新型头孢菌素，具有广谱抗菌活性以及独特的血清和脑脊液药代动力学特性。在治疗19例b型流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎患儿时，将该药物与氨苄西林和氯霉素进行了随机对照比较。还对另外6例患者（包括3例革兰阴性菌脑膜炎患儿）非随机使用了头孢曲松。在患流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎的患儿中，未出现死亡病例，研究组和对照组的治疗结果相似。流感嗜血杆菌分离株分别有90%被0.0625mg/l、1mg/l和1mg/l的头孢曲松、氨苄西林和氯霉素抑制。1例肺炎球菌脑膜炎患儿和2例脑膜炎球菌脑膜炎患儿在头孢曲松治疗期间迅速康复且无并发症。3例由多重耐药菌引起的革兰阴性菌脑膜炎患儿在治疗开始后5天内细菌学治愈。治疗结束时，有2例患儿出现持续性脑脊液细胞增多和神经功能障碍。作为单一药物，头孢曲松在疗效上与儿童脑膜炎常用的传统抗菌治疗相当。
