Johansson B W
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1984;54 Suppl 1:103-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1984.tb03641.x.
The problem of hypokalemia in cardiac decompensation is reviewed. Some methodological sources of error in connection with blood sampling is discussed, as is the definition of hypokalemia. "Hypokalemia" may be present with a serum potassium value within the reference range of 3.5-5.0 mmol/l. Although diuretics are the most common cause of hypokalemia in patients with cardiac decompensation, there are other factors at work. One is an increase of the plasma aldosterone concentration and another the increased sympathetic nervous activity--adrenaline administration reduces the plasma potassium concentration. The clinical importance of hypokalemia, especially for cardiac arrhythmias, is discussed.
本文综述了心脏代偿失调时低钾血症的问题。讨论了与采血相关的一些方法学误差来源以及低钾血症的定义。血清钾值在3.5 - 5.0 mmol/l参考范围内时也可能存在“低钾血症”。虽然利尿剂是心脏代偿失调患者低钾血症最常见的原因，但还有其他因素在起作用。一个因素是血浆醛固酮浓度升高，另一个因素是交感神经活动增强——注射肾上腺素会降低血浆钾浓度。文中还讨论了低钾血症的临床重要性，尤其是对心律失常的影响。
