Alexander P, Currie G
Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 Mar 15;33(6):941-3. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90449-0.
Sporn and Todaro [1] have suggested that malignant transformation may involve autocrine stimulation by transforming growth factors. In an extension of this hypothesis it is proposed that the malignant phenotype may be characterized by the simultaneous expression of a growth factor and its appropriate receptor, either one of which, but not both can be expressed by normal cells.
斯波恩和托达罗[1]提出，恶性转化可能涉及转化生长因子的自分泌刺激。在此假设的延伸中，有人提出恶性表型可能的特征是生长因子及其相应受体同时表达，而正常细胞只能表达其中之一，而非两者都表达。
