Coon C, Balling R
Poult Sci. 1984 Apr;63(4):717-29. doi: 10.3382/ps.0630717.
In a series of four experiments, asparaginase and glutaminase activity was measured in liver and kidney tissue of 7- to 19-day-old male broiler chicks. In Experiment 1, chicks were fed purified amino acid diets with 14.8 and 44.6% protein equivalents (PE) with 1, 3, or 5% added sodium bicarbonate. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4 the chicks were fed a 23% protein basal control diet, basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride, and basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride with 5 or 10% sodium bicarbonate, asparagine, or glutamine. In Experiments 2 and 4 the chicks were also fed 25, 50, or 75% protein-isolated soy-purified diets. The 44.6% PE diet increased liver and kidney asparaginase activity in chicks as compared to chicks fed a 14.8% PE diet. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the 44.6% PE amino acid diet decreased the kidney asparaginase activity equivalent to kidney asparaginase activity of chicks fed the 14.8% PE diet. Asparaginase activity increased 4-fold in the kidneys of chicks fed the 23% protein basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride and the pH of the urine from the chicks was 4.9. Chicks fed basal diets with 5% ammonium chloride plus 10% sodium bicarbonate or asparagine had the same kidney asparaginase activity and urine pH as chicks fed the 23% protein basal control diet. Glutamine added to chick diets containing 5% ammonium chloride did not decrease the kidney asparaginase activity or the urine acidity. Liver asparaginase activity was not increased in acidotic chicks fed diets with 5% ammonium chloride. The asparaginase activity of liver and kidney tissue were both significantly increased in chicks fed 75% protein-isolated soy purified diets and the pH of their urine was 5.6. The increase in liver asparaginase of chicks fed 75% protein or 44.5% PE diets was probably due to an endocrine gluconeogenic response producing increased catabolism of the majority of amino acids. The increase in kidney asparaginase of chicks fed 75% protein, 44.5% PE diets, and 23% protein basal diets with 5% ammonium chloride was primarily related to metabolic acidosis. Phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity was localized in chick kidney mitochondria and was heat sensitive (55 C for 30 sec). The phosphate-independent glutaminase (PIG) activity was primarily localized in chick kidney mitochondria but was stable to a temperature of 55 C for 30 sec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
在一系列四项实验中，测定了7至19日龄雄性肉鸡肝脏和肾脏组织中天冬酰胺酶和谷氨酰胺酶的活性。在实验1中，给雏鸡饲喂蛋白质当量（PE）分别为14.8%和44.6%的纯化氨基酸日粮，并添加1%、3%或5%的碳酸氢钠。在实验2、3和4中，给雏鸡饲喂23%蛋白质的基础对照日粮、含5%氯化铵的基础日粮，以及含5%氯化铵并添加5%或10%碳酸氢钠、天冬酰胺或谷氨酰胺的基础日粮。在实验2和4中，还给雏鸡饲喂了25%、50%或75%蛋白质的分离大豆纯化日粮。与饲喂14.8%PE日粮的雏鸡相比，44.6%PE日粮使雏鸡肝脏和肾脏中的天冬酰胺酶活性增加。在44.6%PE氨基酸日粮中添加碳酸氢钠可降低肾脏天冬酰胺酶活性，使其与饲喂14.8%PE日粮雏鸡的肾脏天冬酰胺酶活性相当。饲喂含5%氯化铵的23%蛋白质基础日粮的雏鸡肾脏中天冬酰胺酶活性增加了4倍，且这些雏鸡尿液的pH值为4.9。饲喂含5%氯化铵加10%碳酸氢钠或天冬酰胺的基础日粮的雏鸡，其肾脏天冬酰胺酶活性和尿液pH值与饲喂23%蛋白质基础对照日粮的雏鸡相同。在含5%氯化铵的雏鸡日粮中添加谷氨酰胺，并未降低肾脏天冬酰胺酶活性或尿液酸度。饲喂含5%氯化铵日粮的酸中毒雏鸡肝脏中天冬酰胺酶活性未增加。饲喂75%蛋白质分离大豆纯化日粮的雏鸡肝脏和肾脏组织中的天冬酰胺酶活性均显著增加，其尿液pH值为5.6。饲喂75%蛋白质或44.5%PE日粮的雏鸡肝脏中天冬酰胺酶活性增加，可能是由于内分泌糖异生反应导致大多数氨基酸分解代谢增加。饲喂75%蛋白质、44.5%PE日粮以及含5%氯化铵的23%蛋白质基础日粮的雏鸡肾脏中天冬酰胺酶活性增加，主要与代谢性酸中毒有关。磷酸依赖性谷氨酰胺酶（PDG）活性定位于雏鸡肾脏线粒体，且对热敏感（55℃，30秒）。非磷酸依赖性谷氨酰胺酶（PIG）活性主要定位于雏鸡肾脏线粒体，但在55℃温度下30秒内稳定。（摘要截选至400字）
