Arends J J, Dubbeldam J L
Neuroscience. 1984 Nov;13(3):781-95. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90096-4.
The descending trigeminal tract and its nuclei were described in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). The borders of the system were established in Fink-Heimer preparations after unilateral lesions placed in the Gasserian ganglion using the distribution of degenerated particles as a criterion. Adjacent sections, stained with the Nissl, Kluver-Barrera and Haggqvist methods were used in the description of cyto- and fibroarchitecture of the descending trigeminal system and surrounding structures. Descending fibers of the trigeminal root could be traced from the sensory root, ventral to the main sensory nucleus, into the descending tract and its nuclei. Its fibers pass into the spinal cord, but not farther than the third cervical segment. Seven subdivisions (parts a-g) were recognized, but could be combined into four subnuclei, viz. in the terminology of Olszewski: subnucleus oralis containing parts a and b; subnucleus interpolaris parts c and d; subnucleus caudalis part f; dorsal horn part g, etc. No primary trigeminal fibers could be traced to structures outside the main sensory nucleus and nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract; all projections were ipsilateral with the exception of a slight bilateral projection caudal to the obex. Partial lesions in the Gasserian ganglion showed a distribution of the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic fibers from dorsal to ventral respectively in the subnuclei oralis and interpolaris, and from medial to lateral in the subnuclei caudalis and dorsal horn. Afferents from the petrosal ganglion project upon the medial part of subnucleus interpolaris and upon a small cell group (nucleus of the ascending glossopharyngeal tract) that may be functionally part of the subnucleus oralis. The subnucleus caudalis receives afferents from the jugular ganglion. These differences in afferentation are used in a tentative functional interpretation of the subdivisions of the nucleus of the descending trigeminal system.
在绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos L.）中描述了三叉神经下行束及其核团。在使用退变颗粒的分布作为标准，在半月神经节进行单侧损伤后，通过芬克 - 海默（Fink - Heimer）制片确定了该系统的边界。用尼氏（Nissl）、克卢弗 - 巴雷拉（Kluver - Barrera）和哈格奎斯特（Haggqvist）方法染色的相邻切片用于描述三叉神经下行系统及其周围结构的细胞结构和纤维结构。三叉神经根的下行纤维可从感觉根追踪到，在主感觉核的腹侧进入下行束及其核团。其纤维进入脊髓，但不超过第三颈椎节段。识别出七个亚区（a - g部分），但可合并为四个亚核，即按照奥尔谢夫斯基（Olszewski）的术语：包含a和b部分的口侧亚核；c和d部分的极间亚核；f部分的尾侧亚核；g部分的背角等。没有初级三叉神经纤维可追踪到主感觉核和三叉神经下行束核以外的结构；除了在闩尾侧有轻微的双侧投射外，所有投射都是同侧的。半月神经节的部分损伤显示，在下颌神经、上颌神经和眼神经纤维在口侧亚核和极间亚核中分别从背侧到腹侧分布，在尾侧亚核和背角中从内侧到外侧分布。来自岩神经节的传入纤维投射到极间亚核的内侧部分以及一个小细胞群（舌咽神经上行束核），该小细胞群在功能上可能是口侧亚核的一部分。尾侧亚核接受来自颈静脉神经节的传入纤维。这些传入的差异被用于对三叉神经下行系统核亚区的初步功能解释。
