Appleton T C, Fishel S B
J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf. 1984 Sep;1(3):188-203. doi: 10.1007/BF01139213.
This paper reports differences observed in the elemental content of fertile and infertile human spermatozoa used in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. "Fertile" and "infertile" were designated by the successful penetration or failure to penetrate an oocyte in vitro. We report morphological and morphometric differences which, together with elemental changes, may be causes of infertility in apparently normal spermatozoa. There were significant differences (P less than 0.05) in sodium and chlorine concentrations between fertile and infertile samples and there was more chlorine than could be accounted for as sodium chloride. Many spermatozoa showed particles adhering to tails, with a higher incidence of "contamination" in the infertile spermatozoa. There were significant differences in both shapes of heads and lengths of tails between fertile and infertile spermatozoa.
本文报告了在一个体外受精（IVF）项目中，对可育和不育人类精子的元素含量所观察到的差异。“可育”和“不育”是根据精子在体外能否成功穿透卵母细胞来定义的。我们报告了形态学和形态测量学上的差异，这些差异连同元素变化，可能是看似正常的精子导致不育的原因。可育和不育样本之间的钠和氯浓度存在显著差异（P小于0.05），并且氯的含量超过了以氯化钠形式所能解释的量。许多精子显示有颗粒附着在尾部，不育精子中“污染”的发生率更高。可育和不育精子在头部形状和尾部长度上均存在显著差异。
