Transplantation of the adult kidney into the very small child. Technical considerations.

Transplantation of adult kidneys into very small children is not performed in most centers because of concerns regarding the technical difficulty of the procedure. Advantages of the procedure include the possibility of living related donor transplantation and the increased availability of adult donor kidneys as compared with pediatric cadaver donor kidneys. We have transplanted adult kidneys into 12 children aged 11 months to 3.5 years who weighed 5,400 to 8,800 g. Ten children received living related donor and two cadaver donor grafts. Herein we describe in detail the pretransplant management, surgical strategies, intraoperative management, surgical techniques, and postoperative management which we use for transplantation of adult kidneys into very small children. Intraoperative and postoperative complications have been described to illustrate the evolving clinical principles in this area. Since 10 of the children are presently alive, 8 with their original grafts, 16 months to 9 years after transplantation, we advocate this approach for suitable small children with terminal renal failure.