Diddle A W
South Med J. 1983 May;76(5):619-24. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198305000-00023.
Menstrual dysfunction characterized by delayed menarche, irregular menses, or secondary amenorrhea often affects women who compete in athletics over a prolonged time. Loss of body fat and emotional stress are important predisposing factors. Under these circumstances, hypoestrogenism, an altered ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, and elevation of serum testosterone, prolactin, catecholamines, and opioids are fairly common. There is controversy over whether the working capacity and performance of the average woman varies appreciably during various phases of the menstrual cycle. Apparently, those who suffer from premenstrual tension do have a diminution in working capacity. Generally, the causes of menstrual dysfunction are the same for athletes and nonathletes, and there are currently no data to forbid athletes' training at any time during the menses. A gynecologic examination should be done before menstrual dysfunction is considered to be due to physical exercise. If this assumption is substantiated, and if amenorrhea persists for one year or more, a periodic estrogen-progesterone regimen should be offered to minimize vascular problems, osteoporosis, and stress fractures, and to protect the endometrium and ovarian function.
月经功能障碍，表现为初潮延迟、月经不规律或继发性闭经，常影响长期从事竞技运动的女性。体脂减少和情绪压力是重要的诱发因素。在这些情况下，低雌激素血症、促卵泡生成素与黄体生成素比例改变以及血清睾酮、催乳素、儿茶酚胺和阿片类物质升高相当常见。普通女性的工作能力和表现在月经周期的不同阶段是否会有明显变化存在争议。显然，患有经前紧张症的人工作能力会下降。一般来说，运动员和非运动员月经功能障碍的原因相同，目前没有数据禁止运动员在月经期间的任何时候进行训练。在认为月经功能障碍是由体育锻炼引起之前，应进行妇科检查。如果这一假设得到证实，并且闭经持续一年或更长时间，应采用周期性雌激素 - 孕激素疗法，以尽量减少血管问题、骨质疏松症和应力性骨折，并保护子宫内膜和卵巢功能。
