Baker E R
Fertil Steril. 1981 Dec;36(6):691-6. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45908-x.
Since women have become more involved in physical fitness and competitive endurance sports, the incidence of menstrual dysfunction has increased. Long-distance running and other sports may lead to alterations in gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens, progesterone, or prolactin, which in some women may directly or indirectly result in amenorrhea or infertility. The effects of running and strenuous exercise on the menstrual cycle and reproductive hormones remain controversial. Reported incidences of menstrual dysfunction vary widely, and many factors have been implicated in the onset of this problem. Exercise associated menstrual dysfunction seems to occur more frequently in nulliparous athletes, in athletes with delayed menarche, and in athletes with low body fat. It is important to realize that disruption of the menstrual cycle, ranging from mild changes in flow to amenorrhea, is a relatively common problem for the female athlete engaged in strenuous endurance sports. Yet no evidence exists at present to indicate conclusively that this menstrual dysfunction is harmful to the female athlete's reproductive system.
随着女性更多地参与体育健身和竞技耐力运动，月经功能紊乱的发生率有所上升。长跑和其他运动可能导致促性腺激素、雄激素、雌激素、孕激素或催乳素发生变化，在某些女性中，这可能直接或间接导致闭经或不孕。跑步和剧烈运动对月经周期及生殖激素的影响仍存在争议。报道的月经功能紊乱发生率差异很大，且该问题的发生涉及许多因素。运动相关的月经功能紊乱似乎在未生育的运动员、初潮延迟的运动员以及体脂较低的运动员中更为常见。必须认识到，月经周期紊乱，从经量的轻微变化到闭经，对于从事剧烈耐力运动的女性运动员来说是一个相对常见的问题。然而，目前尚无确凿证据表明这种月经功能紊乱对女性运动员的生殖系统有害。
