Detection of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG), an immunosuppressive agent, in IgA producing plasma cells and in body secretions.

Using a combined indirect immunoperoxidase (PAP)/direct immunofluorescence (IF) staining technique, pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) has been shown to be present solely in the IgA producing plasma cells. alpha 2-PAG was undetectable in plasma cells synthesizing any of the other immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgD and IgE). Furthermore, we have observed increased numbers of alpha 2-PAG positive cells in sites recognized for their local IgA production e.g. lactating breast, salivary gland, respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae. In support of this cellular association with IgA, alpha 2-PAG was measured by enzyme immunoassay in colostrum, breast milk, saliva, jejunal secretions, bile and urine. The relevance of this novel and preferential association of immunosuppressive alpha 2-PAG with IgA is discussed with regard to the regulation of gut immunoresponsiveness.