Goldstein D S, McCarty R, Polinsky R J, Kopin I J
Hypertension. 1983 Jul-Aug;5(4):552-9. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.5.4.552.
For circulating norepinephrine (NE) to reflect sympathetic activity validly, plasma NE should show an intensity-dependent increase during sympathetic stimulation and decrease during sympathetic inhibition, and circulating NE should correlate with more directly obtained measures of sympathetic activity. Review of published evidence indicates that NE in peripheral plasma satisfies these criteria. However, models used to explain the relationship between circulating NE and sympathetic activity must take into account processes intervening between the synaptic cleft and free NE in the circulation and, since sympathetic outflow is regionalized, the contributions of specific vascular beds to circulating NE. In this report a model is presented where removal processes for NE are viewed as acting in series to produce a gradient in NE concentrations from synapse to plasma, and where the relative contributions of specific vascular beds are calculated from the arteriovenous difference in plasma NE across those beds and the percentage of cardiac output distributed to them. In general, venous plasma NE provides a useful estimation of average sympathetic outflow.
为使循环中的去甲肾上腺素（NE）有效反映交感神经活动，血浆NE应在交感神经刺激期间呈强度依赖性增加，在交感神经抑制期间降低，并且循环中的NE应与更直接获得的交感神经活动测量值相关。对已发表证据的回顾表明，外周血浆中的NE满足这些标准。然而，用于解释循环NE与交感神经活动之间关系的模型必须考虑在突触间隙和循环中的游离NE之间起作用的过程，并且由于交感神经输出是区域化的，还必须考虑特定血管床对循环NE的贡献。在本报告中，提出了一个模型，其中NE的清除过程被视为串联起作用，以产生从突触到血浆的NE浓度梯度，并且特定血管床的相对贡献是根据这些血管床血浆NE的动静脉差异以及分配给它们的心输出量百分比来计算的。一般来说，静脉血浆NE可提供对平均交感神经输出的有用估计。
