Gold R
Am J Med. 1983 Jul 28;75(1B):98-101. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90079-7.
The etiologic agents in bacterial meningitis vary with time, geography, and patient age. Predominant pathogens are Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Approximately 70 percent of all cases occur in children under the age of five. The case-fatality rate in the United States in 1978 was 13.6 percent, but it is known that underreporting of cases, and therefore of case-fatalities, occurs. Prevention by vaccine appears to be the ultimate solution, but until a vaccine is developed emphasis should be on rapid diagnosis, improved management, and proper choice of antibiotic.
细菌性脑膜炎的病原体随时间、地域和患者年龄而有所不同。主要病原体为大肠杆菌、B组链球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、流感嗜血杆菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌和肺炎链球菌。所有病例中约70%发生在五岁以下儿童。1978年美国的病死率为13.6%，但已知存在病例报告不足的情况，因此病死率报告也不足。通过疫苗进行预防似乎是最终的解决办法，但在研发出疫苗之前，应重点关注快速诊断、改善治疗以及正确选择抗生素。
