Changes in uterine mast cells during the estrous cycle in the Syrian hamster.

Adult virgin female Syrian hamsters were killed at known stages of the estrous cycle, and mast cells were counted in the myometrium, endometrium, and mesometrial-triangle region of the uterus and in the pinna. Tissues were fixed in Helly's solution, and mast cells were stained using 0.06% toluidine blue in 0.12 M Michaelis' veronal acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer, pH 4.5. The number of mast cells in the myometrium and endometrium was found to vary with the estrous cycle, whereas the number in the mesometrial-triangle region and the pinna showed no such variation. The number of mast cells in the myometrium and endometrium was lowest on day 4 of the cycle (the day before the night during which ovulation would occur) and increased approximately twofold to maximal levels found on days 1 and 2. Intermediate levels were seen on day 3. The origin of the increase in mast cell numbers from day 4 to day 1 was investigated using a combined alcian blue--safranin stain to differentiate between immature and mature mast-cell granules. The results obtained did not support the hypothesis that the increase was due to de novo differentiation of mast cells from precursors, but, equally, no evidence was obtained to refute this hypothesis.