Woods R L, Johnston C I
Am J Physiol. 1983 Nov;245(5 Pt 1):F615-21. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1983.245.5.F615.
Normal Long-Evans rats, when dehydrated for up to 72 h, have a progressive rise in plasma vasopressin that is associated with a fall in body weight and urine volume, a rise in plasma and urine osmolality, and the maintenance of normal systolic blood pressure. In contrast, Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats, genetically deficient in vasopressin, when dehydrated to achieve an equivalent body weight loss, have a significant 15 mmHg fall in systolic blood pressure. Even when fluid balance is corrected in the Brattleboro rats by the continuous administration of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue with potent antidiuretic properties but minimal pressor activity, blood pressure still falls when the animals are dehydrated. In contrast, Brattleboro rats infused with exogenous arginine vasopressin to produce a plasma vasopressin level of 18.9 +/- 3.5 pg X ml-1 are able to maintain normal blood pressure during 48 h of dehydration. This level of vasopressin is comparable to the level found endogenously in dehydrated Long-Evans rats and is nonpressor in normal rats. These results suggest that both the antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor properties of vasopressin are important in the cardiovascular response to dehydration.
正常的Long-Evans大鼠在脱水长达72小时时，血浆血管加压素会逐渐升高，这与体重和尿量下降、血浆和尿液渗透压升高以及收缩压维持正常有关。相比之下，遗传性缺乏血管加压素的Brattleboro尿崩症大鼠在脱水至体重下降程度相当时，收缩压会显著下降15 mmHg。即使通过持续给予1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素（一种具有强大抗利尿特性但升压活性极小的合成血管加压素类似物）来纠正Brattleboro大鼠的体液平衡，当动物脱水时血压仍会下降。相反，输注外源性精氨酸血管加压素使血浆血管加压素水平达到18.9±3.5 pg X ml-1的Brattleboro大鼠在脱水48小时期间能够维持正常血压。这种血管加压素水平与脱水的Long-Evans大鼠内源性发现的水平相当，且在正常大鼠中无升压作用。这些结果表明，血管加压素的抗利尿和血管收缩特性在对脱水的心血管反应中都很重要。
