Disney F A
Postgrad Med J. 1983;59 Suppl 5:28-31.
Cephalexin, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, has wide clinical application in respiratory infections of children and adults. In pharyngitis and tonsillitis due to beta-haemolytic streptococci, it is comparable to penicillin, cyclocillin, and cephaloglycin, as measured by clinical response, bacteriological cure rate, and incidence of relapse and reinfection. In otitis media, it is effective at dosages of 50-100 mg/kg/day except in those infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, in which there is failure in 50% of the cases. In other infections of the upper respiratory tract, it appears to be effective except, again, in those caused by H. influenzae. Dosages of 1-2 g/day have been used in adults and 20-100 mg/kg/day in children. Adverse effects, mostly gastrointestinal upsets, rash, and urticaria, have been relatively infrequent and have not required discontinuance of the drug.
头孢氨苄是一种半合成头孢菌素抗生素，在儿童和成人呼吸道感染中有着广泛的临床应用。在由β溶血性链球菌引起的咽炎和扁桃体炎中，根据临床反应、细菌治愈率以及复发和再感染发生率来衡量，它与青霉素、环青霉素和头孢甘氨酸相当。在中耳炎中，除了由流感嗜血杆菌引起的感染（50%的病例治疗失败）外，每日剂量50 - 100mg/kg有效。在上呼吸道的其他感染中，除了同样由流感嗜血杆菌引起的感染外，它似乎是有效的。成人使用剂量为每日1 - 2g，儿童为每日20 - 100mg/kg。不良反应大多为胃肠道不适、皮疹和荨麻疹，相对较少发生，且无需停药。
