Sharf D J, Ohde R N
J Speech Hear Res. 1983 Dec;26(4):516-24. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2604.516.
Adult and Child manifolds were generated by synthesizing 5 X 5 matrices of /Cej/ type utterances in which F2 and F3 frequencies were systematically varied. Manifold stimuli were presented to 11 graduate-level speech-language pathology students in two conditions: (a) a rating condition in which stimuli were rated on a 4-point scale between good /r/ and good /w/; and (b) a labeling condition in which stimuli were labeled as "R," "W," "distorted R," or "N" (for none of the previous choices). It was found that (a) stimuli with low F2 and high F3 frequencies were rated 1.0-1.4; those with high F2 and low F3 frequencies were rated 3.6-4.0 were labeled as "R"; (c) none of the Child manifold stimuli were labeled as distorted "R" and one of the Adult manifold stimuli approached a level of identification that approached the percentage of identification for "R" and "W"; and (d) rating and labeling tasks were performed with a high degree of reliability.
成人和儿童流形是通过合成/Cej/类型话语的5×5矩阵生成的，其中F2和F3频率系统地变化。在两种条件下，将流形刺激呈现给11名研究生水平的言语语言病理学学生：(a)评级条件，即刺激在从良好/r/到良好/w/的4分制上进行评级；(b)标记条件，即刺激被标记为“R”、“W”、“扭曲的R”或“N”（表示不属于先前任何选择）。结果发现：(a)F2低且F3频率高的刺激评级为1.0 - 1.4；F2高且F3频率低的刺激评级为3.6 - 4.0，被标记为“R”；(c)儿童流形刺激中没有一个被标记为扭曲的“R”，成人流形刺激中有一个接近“R”和“W”的识别百分比的识别水平；(d)评级和标记任务的执行具有高度可靠性。
