Dugan Sarah Hamilton, Silbert Noah, McAllister Tara, Preston Jonathan L, Sotto Carolyn, Boyce Suzanne E
a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , University of Cincinnati , USA.
b Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders , New York University , USA.
Clin Linguist Phon. 2019;33(4):295-315. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2018.1477834. Epub 2018 May 24.
This study investigates category goodness judgments of /r/ in adults and children with and without residual speech errors (RSEs) using natural speech stimuli. Thirty adults, 38 children with RSE (ages 7-16) and 35 age-matched typically developing (TD) children provided category goodness judgments on whole words, recorded from 27 child speakers, with /r/ in various phonetic environments. The salient acoustic property of /r/ - the lowered third formant (F3) - was normalized in two ways. A logistic mixed-effect model quantified the relationships between listeners' responses and the third formant frequency, vowel context and clinical group status. Goodness judgments from the adult group showed a statistically significant interaction with the F3 parameter when compared to both child groups (p < 0.001) using both normalization methods. The RSE group did not differ significantly from the TD group in judgments of /r/. All listeners were significantly more likely to judge /r/ as correct in a front-vowel context. Our results suggest that normalized /r/ F3 is a statistically significant predictor of category goodness judgments for both adults and children, but children do not appear to make adult-like judgments. Category goodness judgments do not have a clear relationship with /r/ production abilities in children with RSE. These findings may have implications for clinical activities that include category goodness judgments in natural speech, especially for recorded productions.
本研究使用自然语音刺激，调查了有和没有残留语音错误（RSE）的成人及儿童对/r/的类别优度判断。30名成人、38名有RSE的儿童（7至16岁）和35名年龄匹配的发育正常（TD）儿童，对从27名儿童说话者那里录制的、处于各种语音环境中的/r/的全词进行了类别优度判断。/r/的显著声学特性——第三共振峰（F3）降低——通过两种方式进行了归一化处理。一个逻辑混合效应模型量化了听众反应与第三共振峰频率、元音语境和临床组状态之间的关系。使用两种归一化方法时，与两个儿童组相比，成人组的优度判断与F3参数存在统计学上的显著交互作用（p < 0.001）。在/r/的判断上，RSE组与TD组没有显著差异。所有听众在元音前语境中判断/r/正确的可能性显著更高。我们的结果表明，归一化的/r/ F3是成人和儿童类别优度判断的统计学显著预测指标，但儿童似乎没有做出类似成人的判断。类别优度判断与有RSE的儿童的/r/发音能力没有明确关系。这些发现可能对包括自然语音中的类别优度判断在内的临床活动有影响，尤其是对录制的发音。
