Gad A, Thomas B A, Moskowitz M
Recent Results Cancer Res. 1984;90:179-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-82031-1_26.
Several breast cancer screening programmes are being carried out in Europe. Clinical examination in combination with mammography is the screening method used in Guildford and Edinburgh (United Kingdom) as well as in Utrecht (Netherlands). Mammography is the only screening modality in the Swedish programmes of Falun (Kopparberg County), Linköping (Ostergötland county), and Malmö and in Nijmegen (Netherlands). Clinical examination is the initial screening method in Turku (Finland). The Swedish programmes are population-based, controlled, and randomised. They are designed to assess the impact of screening on the mortality of breast carcinoma. Comparing the results of all the European screening programmes is expected to give some answers to the hitherto unanswered questions concerning the screening method and ideal interval in different age groups. The results achieved so far indicate that although mammography is a sensitive method for the detection of early breast cancer, clinical examination and an aggressive biopsy policy may be necessary to reduce mortality from breast cancer in certain age groups. It is also evident that there is no universally applicable ideal screening method or rescreening interval for all age groups.
欧洲正在开展多项乳腺癌筛查项目。在英国的吉尔福德和爱丁堡以及荷兰的乌得勒支，采用的筛查方法是临床检查与乳房X光检查相结合。在瑞典法伦（耶姆特兰省）、林雪平（东约特兰省）、马尔默的筛查项目以及荷兰奈梅亨，乳房X光检查是唯一的筛查方式。在芬兰图尔库，临床检查是初始筛查方法。瑞典的项目是以人群为基础、可控且随机的。其目的是评估筛查对乳腺癌死亡率的影响。比较所有欧洲筛查项目的结果，有望为迄今关于不同年龄组筛查方法和理想间隔的未决问题提供一些答案。目前取得的结果表明，尽管乳房X光检查是检测早期乳腺癌的敏感方法，但在某些年龄组，可能需要临床检查和积极的活检策略来降低乳腺癌死亡率。同样明显的是，不存在适用于所有年龄组的普遍理想筛查方法或复查间隔。
