Eichelberg D, Schmutzler W
Immun Infekt. 1983 Jun;11(4):109-22.
Immunostimulants are chemical substances capable of increasing the overall activity of a normal immune system as well as normalizing the function of an impaired immune system (immune restauration ). This review is concerned with substances of microbial or chemical origin and excludes the so-called physiological inductors or regulators, e.g. thymic factors, interferon etc. During the last decade considerable progress has been achieved with respect to the isolation of effective compounds and the elucidation of their chemical structure. However, the knowledge of their mechanism of action and their effects in the living organism is still poor because of the complexity of the immune system, lack of appropriate standardization methods, lack of internationally agreed test conditions or diseases in intact animals or conditions for controlled clinical trials in man.
免疫刺激剂是一类化学物质，它们能够增强正常免疫系统的整体活性，并使受损免疫系统的功能恢复正常（免疫恢复）。本综述关注的是微生物来源或化学来源的物质，不包括所谓的生理性诱导剂或调节剂，如胸腺因子、干扰素等。在过去十年中，在有效化合物的分离及其化学结构的阐明方面取得了相当大的进展。然而，由于免疫系统的复杂性、缺乏适当的标准化方法、缺乏国际公认的试验条件、缺乏完整动物中的疾病模型或人体对照临床试验条件，人们对其作用机制及其在生物体内的效应的了解仍然很少。
