Shafik A
Urology. 1984 Jun;23(6):611-8. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(84)90086-4.
A double-sphincter mechanism controlling the continence of pelvic organs is presented with a role-description of the involved pelvic musculature. The rectum and the urinary bladder identically have a detrusor with a neck related to a group of muscles which is responsible for its opening and closure. Whereas the levator ani and longitudinal muscle function to open the neck, the puborectalis and the internal sphincter are continent muscles. The puborectalis, not a part of the levator ani, gives origin to "individual" sphincters for each intrahiatal organ, and at the same time embraces all of them as their "common" sphincter. Thus, each intrahiatal organ is provided with a double voluntary sphincter apparatus consisting of "individual" and "common" sphincters. The mechanism of common sphincter, selective individual sphincter, and double-sphincter sphincter securative action is discussed. The external sphincter (anal and urethral) is an individual sphincter; the mechanism of its continent action is described. The different types of incontinence are outlined.
本文介绍了一种控制盆腔器官节制功能的双括约肌机制，并对相关盆腔肌肉组织的作用进行了描述。直肠和膀胱同样都有一个与一组肌肉相关的颈部逼尿肌，该组肌肉负责其开合。肛提肌和纵肌起到打开颈部的作用，而耻骨直肠肌和内括约肌则是节制肌肉。耻骨直肠肌并非肛提肌的一部分，它为每个裂孔内器官产生“个体”括约肌，同时又作为它们的“共同”括约肌将所有器官包裹起来。因此，每个裂孔内器官都配备有一个由“个体”和“共同”括约肌组成的双重自主括约肌装置。文中讨论了共同括约肌、选择性个体括约肌和双括约肌节制作用的机制。外括约肌（肛门和尿道）是个体括约肌，文中描述了其节制作用的机制。还概述了不同类型的尿失禁。
