Mehlhorn H, Ganster H J, Raether W
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1984 Mar;256(3):305-13.
In vitro exposure of Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei to salinomycin-Na showed that 10 min incubation in RPMI 1640 medium containing 100 micrograms/ml of the polyether antibiotic led to complete destruction of most parasites; in media containing 10 or 1 microgram/ml salinomycin-Na some young developmental stages seemed to survive, apparently due to the protection of the mostly intact host cell. In vitro treatment of rats infected with P. berghei revealed that a single subcutaneous (oral) dose of 20 mg/kg (80 mg/kg salinomycin-Na caused complete destruction of parasites. Incipient degeneration of the parasites could be already observed 1 h after treatment. After 22 h parasites had disappeared from blood smears. Repeated subcutaneous doses of the polyether as low as 5 mg/kg (X3) completely destroyed the asexual stages of P. berghei. During the ultrastructural investigation of the action of salinomycin-Na it was found that initially the inner lacunes (such as endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space) and the mitochondrion were markedly swollen. This was followed by mitochondrial disruption with rupture of the parasites' pellicle. Since the infected host cells also ruptured, mainly extracellular parasites were seen in blood smears beginning 6 h after treatment. Salinomycin-Na seems to act similarly on the malarial parasites and on the free merozoites of chicken intestinal coccidia.
恶性疟原虫和伯氏疟原虫在体外暴露于盐霉素钠的实验表明，在含有100微克/毫升该聚醚抗生素的RPMI 1640培养基中孵育10分钟会导致大多数寄生虫完全被破坏；在含有10或1微克/毫升盐霉素钠的培养基中，一些幼嫩发育阶段的寄生虫似乎能够存活，显然是由于大部分完整的宿主细胞提供了保护。对感染伯氏疟原虫的大鼠进行体外治疗发现，单次皮下（口服）剂量为20毫克/千克（80毫克/千克盐霉素钠）可导致寄生虫完全被破坏。治疗后1小时即可观察到寄生虫开始退化。22小时后，血涂片上的寄生虫消失。重复皮下注射低至5毫克/千克（X3）的该聚醚可完全破坏伯氏疟原虫的无性阶段。在对盐霉素钠作用的超微结构研究中发现，最初内质网和核周间隙等内部腔隙以及线粒体明显肿胀。随后线粒体破裂，寄生虫的表膜也破裂。由于被感染的宿主细胞也破裂，从治疗后6小时开始，血涂片中主要可见细胞外寄生虫。盐霉素钠对疟原虫和鸡肠道球虫的游离裂殖子似乎有类似的作用。
