Simons K, Warren G
Adv Protein Chem. 1984;36:79-132. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60296-x.
The traffic among the cellular compartments is thought to be mediated by membrane vesicles, which bud from one compartment and fuse with the next. Despite the continuous exchange of membrane components among them, the organelles maintain their characteristic protein and lipid compositions such that the traffic remains selective, thus, avoiding intermixing of components. This membrane traffic recycles components from the cell surface to the interior of the cell and back to the cell surface again. The membrane traffic between the ER and the cell surface involves a major sorting problem. Little is known of how the animal cell has solved this problem in molecular terms. One experimental tool in this direction is provided by some enveloped animal viruses, which mature at the cell surface of infected cells. Such viruses include influenza virus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). They are extremely simple in makeup and hence are very well characterized. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the use of the enveloped viruses as tools in the study of membrane traffic in the animal cell. This is done in the context of the life cycle of the virus in the host cell. The article will be concerned mainly with Semliki Forest virus (SFV), which is the virus that has been worked upon in the chapter. SFV belongs to the alphaviruses, a genus of the togavirus family.
细胞区室之间的物质运输被认为是由膜泡介导的，膜泡从一个区室出芽并与下一个区室融合。尽管它们之间不断地进行膜成分的交换，但细胞器仍保持其特有的蛋白质和脂质组成，从而使物质运输具有选择性，进而避免成分的混合。这种膜运输将成分从细胞表面循环到细胞内部，然后再回到细胞表面。内质网和细胞表面之间的膜运输涉及一个主要的分选问题。关于动物细胞如何从分子层面解决这个问题，我们知之甚少。在这个方向上，一些有包膜的动物病毒提供了一种实验工具，这些病毒在被感染细胞的表面成熟。这类病毒包括流感病毒、辛德毕斯病毒、塞姆利基森林病毒（SFV）和水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）。它们的组成极其简单，因此具有很好的特征描述。本文旨在说明包膜病毒作为研究动物细胞膜运输工具的用途。这将在病毒在宿主细胞中的生命周期背景下进行阐述。本文将主要关注塞姆利基森林病毒（SFV），它是本章所研究的病毒。SFV属于甲病毒属，是披膜病毒科的一个属。
