Evarts E V, Wise S P
Ciba Found Symp. 1984;107:83-102. doi: 10.1002/9780470720882.ch6.
Several lines of evidence suggest that the role of the basal ganglia in motor control is of a higher order than control of movements per se. First the striatum receives inputs from cortical areas that subserve mnemonic and other cognitive processes. Furthermore, the supplementary motor area (a zone that receives outputs from the globus pallidus via thalamus) exhibits changes in neuronal discharge and metabolic activity during movement planning as well as during movement. It is possible that this activity reflects its pallidal inputs. In addition, cells in another part of the basal ganglia, the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, exhibit activity that reflects mnemonic as well as oculomotor and visual processes. Finally, there are striatal neurons that respond to stimuli when these stimuli trigger movement but not when responses to the stimuli are extinguished. Taken collectively, these observations are consistent with the view that the basal ganglia may provide an interface between motor centres and cortical areas for higher brain function.
多条证据表明，基底神经节在运动控制中的作用比单纯的运动控制更为高级。首先，纹状体接收来自皮层区域的输入，这些皮层区域负责记忆和其他认知过程。此外，辅助运动区（一个通过丘脑接收苍白球输出的区域）在运动计划和运动过程中，神经元放电和代谢活动都会发生变化。这种活动有可能反映了其来自苍白球的输入。此外，基底神经节另一部分（黑质网状部）的细胞表现出的活动反映了记忆以及动眼和视觉过程。最后，存在一些纹状体神经元，当这些刺激引发运动时它们会做出反应，但当对这些刺激的反应消失时则不会。总体而言，这些观察结果与以下观点一致，即基底神经节可能为高级脑功能在运动中枢和皮层区域之间提供了一个接口。
