Becker C E
West J Med. 1984 Dec;141(6):884-90.
All human endeavors are associated with quantifiable risks. Knowledge of the risk is essential for personal health maintenance. Nontherapeutic use of psychoactive drugs poses an important danger to individual persons and society. What are the quantitative estimates of these risks? Are they acceptable?Because the basic mechanism of the toxic effect of alcohol or other drugs is unknown, deciding on acceptable risks is difficult. Based on current information, the recreational abuse of inhalants, hallucinogens, stimulants, narcotics and sedative-hypnotic drugs poses unacceptable individual and societal risks. Groups at special risk should not consume alcohol or any drug unless they are under medical supervision. The threshold for increased morbidity from the regular use of alcohol in adults is in the range of three to five drinks per day; this rises sharply after six drinks per day. The apparent "safe" level of alcohol consumption appears to be one to two drinks per day. Further basic studies are required to refine these risk estimates.
人类的一切活动都伴随着可量化的风险。了解风险对于个人健康维护至关重要。精神活性药物的非治疗性使用对个人和社会构成了重大危险。这些风险的定量评估是怎样的?它们是否可接受?由于酒精或其他药物毒性作用的基本机制尚不清楚,因此很难确定可接受的风险。根据目前的信息,吸入剂、致幻剂、兴奋剂、麻醉品和镇静催眠药的娱乐性滥用对个人和社会都构成了不可接受的风险。处于特殊风险中的人群不应饮酒或使用任何药物,除非他们在医疗监督之下。成年人每天定期饮酒导致发病率增加的阈值在每天三到五杯之间;每天超过六杯后,发病率会急剧上升。酒精消费的明显“安全”水平似乎是每天一到两杯。需要进一步的基础研究来完善这些风险评估。