Reith A, Brøgger A
IARC Sci Publ. 1984(53):175-192.
A brief description of present concepts of tumour development and the most common genotoxicity tests is given. Data on the mutagenicity testing of nickel are summarized. They indicate that carcinogenic nickel compounds may bring about initiation by means of mutation, such as chromosome breakage and irregular distribution of genetic material. Compared with many mutagenic organic compounds, the efficacy of the nickel compounds is low. Extrapolation to man calls for great caution, since mutation tests involve short-term exposures, while the human situation is characterized by long-term exposure and very long cancer latency periods. The predictive value of mutagenicity tests in evaluating new environmental situations involving nickel compounds is limited. Positive findings identify a carcinogenic hazard, whereas negative findings do not exclude such a hazard. Experimental studies of transformation suggest that nickel compounds may also have promoting properties.
本文简要介绍了目前肿瘤发展的概念以及最常见的遗传毒性测试。总结了镍的致突变性测试数据。这些数据表明，致癌镍化合物可能通过突变引发肿瘤，如染色体断裂和遗传物质的不规则分布。与许多诱变有机化合物相比，镍化合物的诱变效力较低。由于突变测试涉及短期暴露，而人类情况的特点是长期暴露和很长的癌症潜伏期，因此外推至人类需要格外谨慎。致突变性测试在评估涉及镍化合物的新环境情况时的预测价值有限。阳性结果表明存在致癌风险，而阴性结果并不排除这种风险。转化实验研究表明，镍化合物也可能具有促癌特性。
