Habicht J P, Lane J M, McDowell A J
Fed Proc. 1978 Apr;37(5):1181-7.
National Nutrition Surveillance includes nutritional assessment surveys to ascertain the extent of malnutrition in populations, to identify possible causes, to establish baseline data for monitoring nutrition, and to select mechanisms for nutrition surveillance (in a restricted sense). An example of the results from a recent nutritional assessment survey in the United States is the negative association of obesity with energy intake, exercise and socioeconomic status, which has implications for public nutritional policy. Nutritional monitoring measures changes in population nutrition over time. An example of the results from nutritional monitoring is the unexpected and presently unexplained decrease in serum cholesterol levels of middle-aged women in the United States over the past decade. Nutritional surveillance in the restricted sense not only identifies malnutrition but is administratively organized to intervene rapidly. National Nutrition Surveillance depends on metabolic and clinical research to decide on its priorities. This research indicates that malnutrition involves more than under-nutrition, and greater emphasis should be given in National Nutrition Surveillance to this wider context of malnutrition. These results will in turn help set priorities for basic and applied research in nutrition. It is important that the research community participate in the review presently under way of the role of the National Center for Health Statistics in National Nutrition Surveillance.
国家营养监测包括营养评估调查，以确定人群中营养不良的程度，找出可能的原因，建立监测营养状况的基线数据，并选择营养监测机制（狭义上的）。美国最近一次营养评估调查的结果之一是肥胖与能量摄入、运动和社会经济地位呈负相关，这对公共营养政策具有启示意义。营养监测衡量人群营养状况随时间的变化。营养监测的结果之一是，在过去十年中，美国中年女性的血清胆固醇水平出现了意外且目前无法解释的下降。狭义上的营养监测不仅要识别营养不良，还要进行行政组织以便迅速干预。国家营养监测依靠代谢和临床研究来确定其优先事项。这项研究表明，营养不良不仅仅涉及营养不足，在国家营养监测中应更加强调这种更广泛的营养不良情况。这些结果反过来将有助于确定营养领域基础研究和应用研究的优先事项。研究界参与目前正在进行的对国家卫生统计中心在国家营养监测中作用的审查非常重要。
