Kristein M M
Prev Med. 1983 Mar;12(2):358-81. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(83)90245-1.
The data reviewed in this article, drawn from well-known, published sources; offer an estimate of the annual costs of smoking to the average employer. These costs range from +336 to +601 in January 1980 dollars per average smoking employee. The analysis is largely based on aggregate epidemiological data and, in general, the emphasis is on the under-estimating of the costs to business. It reports "averages" true for large populations and, therefore, is not individually predictive. The cost centers dealt with are insurance, medical, and others such as absenteeism, productivity, involuntary smoking, and occupational health risk. Included is a discussion of employer-sponsored smoking cessation programs and the benefits therefrom.
本文所回顾的数据来自著名的已发表资料，提供了吸烟对一般雇主造成的年度成本估算。这些成本以1980年1月美元计算，每位吸烟员工的成本在336美元至601美元之间。该分析主要基于总体流行病学数据，总体而言，重点在于对企业成本的低估。它报告的是适用于大量人群的“平均值”，因此并非针对个体的预测。所涉及的成本中心包括保险、医疗以及旷工、生产力、非自愿吸烟和职业健康风险等其他方面。其中还讨论了雇主赞助的戒烟计划及其带来的益处。
