Clozel M, Branchaud C L, Tannenbaum G S, Dussault J H, Aranda J V
Pediatr Res. 1983 Jul;17(7):592-5. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198307000-00015.
The possibility that caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant used in neonatal apnea, may produce acute or chronic changes in growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) was studied in the newborn rat. Five-day-old rats were separated into three groups: control (0) group receiving saline, Group I (low dose caffeine) receiving 5 mg/kg and Group II (high dose caffeine) receiving 50 mg/kg. Acute effects were studied at 2, 4, and 24 h after injection. Chronic effects were studied 24 h after the last of 10 daily injections. GH, T4, and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay and caffeine by high pressure liquid chromatograph. GH was increased at all times and all doses after a single injection of caffeine. After chronic therapy, the increase in GH was small, suggesting depletion of pituitary reserve. A high dose of caffeine had a biphasic effect on T4 with an increase at 4 h and a decrease at 24 h. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced TSH release at 24 h was not influenced by caffeine administration. Chronic caffeine therapy stimulated both T4 and TSH; however, TRH-stimulated TSH release was decreased, suggesting that chronic therapy may blunt pituitary TSH response.
在新生大鼠中研究了咖啡因（一种用于治疗新生儿呼吸暂停的中枢神经系统兴奋剂）可能对生长激素（GH）、甲状腺素（T4）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）产生急性或慢性变化的可能性。将5日龄大鼠分为三组：对照组（0）接受生理盐水，I组（低剂量咖啡因组）接受5mg/kg，II组（高剂量咖啡因组）接受50mg/kg。在注射后2、4和24小时研究急性效应。在每日注射10次中的最后一次注射后24小时研究慢性效应。通过放射免疫测定法测量GH、T4和TSH，通过高压液相色谱法测量咖啡因。单次注射咖啡因后，在所有时间和所有剂量下GH均升高。慢性治疗后，GH的升高幅度较小，提示垂体储备耗竭。高剂量咖啡因对T4有双相作用，4小时时升高，24小时时降低。24小时时促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）诱导的TSH释放不受咖啡因给药的影响。慢性咖啡因治疗可刺激T4和TSH；然而，TRH刺激的TSH释放降低，提示慢性治疗可能减弱垂体TSH反应。
