Public Health Rep. 1983 Sep-Oct;Suppl:40-9.
The seven major childhood infectious diseases-measles, mumps, rubella, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus-can cause permanent disability and, in some cases, death. They all can be prevented by immunization, but prior to the National Childhood Immunization Initiative of 1977 more than a third of all children under age 15 were not properly protected. And even though vaccines are now available to reduce the risk of influenza, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal pneumonia, many high risk patients are not protected. Outbreaks of measles and pertussis, and occasionally of diphtheria and polio, during the mid-1970s indicate that immunization must be emphasized continually. With the combination of safe, effective vaccines, public and private programs, and a reliable disease surveillance and outbreak containment system, infectious diseases can be controlled. The Department of Health and Human Services has proposed a major initiative designed to eliminate the indigenous occurrence of measles.
七种主要的儿童传染病——麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、脊髓灰质炎、白喉、百日咳和破伤风——可导致永久性残疾，在某些情况下还会导致死亡。这些疾病都可以通过免疫接种预防，但在1977年全国儿童免疫接种倡议之前，超过三分之一的15岁以下儿童没有得到妥善保护。尽管现在已有疫苗可降低流感、乙型肝炎和肺炎球菌肺炎的风险，但许多高危患者仍未得到保护。20世纪70年代中期麻疹和百日咳的爆发，以及偶尔出现的白喉和脊髓灰质炎疫情表明，必须持续强调免疫接种。通过安全有效的疫苗、公共和私人项目以及可靠的疾病监测和疫情控制体系相结合，传染病是可以得到控制的。卫生与公众服务部已提出一项重大倡议，旨在消除本土麻疹病例。
