Fisher E B, Winkler R C, Krasner L, Kagel J H, Battalio R C, Basmann R L
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1978 Mar;166(3):187-94. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197803000-00004.
In several studies of token economies, it has been observed repeatedly that chronic psychiatric patients conform to the same economic principles as explain the activities of presumably normal participants in the national consumer economy. Such observations are consistent with behavior therapy's assumptions that those labeled mentally ill follow the same psychological and social lows as those considered normal and that behavior is responsive to specific situational determinants. Although they disprove nothing, these observations may pose problems for more traditional approaches which view psychopathology as the result of central disorders or deficits with diffuse effects across a wide range of ordinary life situations.
在多项代币经济研究中，人们反复观察到，慢性精神病患者遵循与解释国民消费经济中假定正常参与者活动相同的经济原则。这些观察结果与行为疗法的假设一致，即那些被贴上精神疾病标签的人与被认为正常的人遵循相同的心理和社会规律，且行为对特定情境决定因素有反应。虽然这些观察结果并不能反驳任何观点，但它们可能给更传统的方法带来问题，这些传统方法将精神病理学视为中枢紊乱或缺陷的结果，这种紊乱或缺陷会在广泛的日常生活情境中产生扩散效应。
