Askenasy J J, Streifler M, Felner S
J Neural Transm. 1978;42(1):73-84. doi: 10.1007/BF01262731.
Two young, pregnant women presenting dyskinetic-dystonic crises limited to head and neck (HNDD) due to metoclopramide (MP) were observed. Evidence has been brought for the specific extrapyramidal effect of dyskinetic-dystonic head and neck movements induced by MP in young females. The synaptic action of MP differs from that of the generally accepted dopamine receptor blocking neuroleptics such as the phenothiazines. Concomittant quasi opposing neuroleptic and nonneuroleptic like effects of this drug can not support the mechanism of dopamine receptor blockade as the explanation of the synaptic effect. The concept of "dopamine receptor imbalance" may explain the synaptic action of the metoclopramide.
观察到两名年轻孕妇因服用甲氧氯普胺（MP）出现仅限于头颈部的运动障碍-肌张力障碍危象（HNDD）。已有证据表明MP在年轻女性中引起的运动障碍-肌张力障碍性头颈部运动具有特定的锥体外系效应。MP的突触作用不同于公认的多巴胺受体阻断抗精神病药物如吩噻嗪类。该药物同时具有类似抗精神病药物和非抗精神病药物的相反作用，这无法支持用多巴胺受体阻断机制来解释其突触效应。“多巴胺受体失衡”的概念可能解释甲氧氯普胺的突触作用。
