Lo C W, Walker W A
Pediatrics. 1983 Dec;72(6):786-800.
Diarrhea is an extremely common cause of morbidity in infancy. Occasionally, it becomes protracted, leading to a vicious cycle of malabsorption, malnutrition, and failure to thrive. A number of causes of chronic diarrhea in infancy are discussed, including postinfectious enteritis, celiac sprue, cow's milk allergy, and parasitic infection. Although many mechanisms may contribute to diarrhea, a similar pathophysiologic syndrome of mucosal atrophy, inflammation, and malabsorption results. Attention should be paid to recognition of malnutrition as well as etiologic diagnosis. Therapeutic efforts should concentrate on nutritional rehabilitation, through appropriate oral elemental formulas or total parenteral nutrition. However, encouragement of breast-feeding is probably a more effective way of preventing this difficult problem.
腹泻是婴儿期发病的极为常见的原因。偶尔，腹泻会迁延不愈，导致吸收不良、营养不良和发育不良的恶性循环。本文讨论了婴儿期慢性腹泻的多种原因，包括感染后肠炎、乳糜泻、牛奶过敏和寄生虫感染。尽管许多机制可能导致腹泻，但都会产生黏膜萎缩、炎症和吸收不良的类似病理生理综合征。应注意识别营养不良以及病因诊断。治疗应集中于通过适当的口服要素配方奶粉或全胃肠外营养进行营养康复。然而，鼓励母乳喂养可能是预防这一难题的更有效方法。
